explain 8 karmas

Jainism identifies eight primary types of karmas that bind the soul, influencing its purity and experiences. These are divided into Ghātiyā karmas, which obscure the soul's innate qualities, and Aghātiyā karmas, which affect the physical and social aspects of existence. The four Ghātiyā karmas are Jñānāvaraṇīya (knowledge-obscuring), Darśanāvaraṇīya (perception-obscuring), Mōhanīya (deluding), and Antarāya (obstructing). These karmas directly impair the soul's true nature by limiting knowledge, perception, causing delusion, and creating obstacles. The four Aghātiyā karmas are Nāmakarma (body-determining), Gotrakarma (status-determining), Vedanīya (feeling-producing), and Āyuskarmā (life-span determining). These karmas influence the physical body, social status, sensations of pleasure and pain, and the duration of life, but do not affect the soul's inherent qualities. Understanding and shedding these karmas through right conduct, knowledge, and faith is essential for liberation (moksha) in Jainism.